4. "During the frequent interviews of the duke Muh with Tsze-sze,
Every individual may be called a 臣, as being a subject, and bound to serve the sovereign, and this is the meaning of the term in those two phrases. In the other case it denotes one who is officially "a minister."传,=通质,—che, up. 3rd tone; see III, Pt. II, iii, 1, and notes. There is a force in the 于, in 见于诸侯, which it is difficult to indicate in another language.
2. "it is right to go and perform the service," i. e., it is right in the common man, to perform service being his 职, or office. And so with the scholar. He will go when called as a scholar should be called, but only then.